The simple tool that can help you fight cold and flu

Are you tired of being struck down with a long-lasting cold or flu every winter? New research shows nasal sprays may be a solution.

As we sniffle through cold and flu season, there’s promising news in the fight against upper respiratory tract infections, such as colds, chest infections and sore throats.

In one of the largest trials to date that tests the effectiveness of nasal sprays, a new University of Bristol study has found that the over-the-counter device reduced the days of illness for participants by around 20 per cent.

The study analysing data from almost 14,000 participants also found that nasal sprays reduced the number of days with fever symptoms, time off work and antibiotic use.

So how do nasal sprays help get us through winter bugs?

 What are nasal sprays?

Known for clearing congestion and easing allergies, nasal sprays can easily be purchased over the counter and are administered through the nose.

Melbourne GP Dr Dan Epstein says nasal sprays can be effective in treating many sinus-related conditions.

According to Dr Epstein, nasal sprays work by delivering the medication directly to the nasal passages, and “offer quick relief with minimal systemic absorption”.

“Nasal sprays work by delivering medication straight to the site of inflammation or congestion,” Dr Epstein says.

“Evidence suggests that when used correctly, and for the right condition, sprays can reduce symptoms effectively.”

What are the different types of nasal sprays?

There are many nasal spray varieties to choose from, all of which work differently to address specific issues.

These are some of the most common types of sprays and what they’re used for:

Saline nasal sprays

Saline nasal sprays are basically saltwater solutions.

NSW GP Dr Adrian Sheen says they are useful for those with a cold or blocked nose resulting from a viral infection.

Dr Epstein says these sprays can be used regularly and have no active medication making them suitable for all ages.

Decongestant nasal sprays

According to Dr Epstein, decongestant nasal sprays work by constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages to reduce swelling and congestion.

Although they provide relief, he advises “they should not be used for more than a few days to avoid rebound congestion”.

Antihistamine nasal sprays

As the name suggests, these sprays block histamines, the chemicals responsible for allergy symptoms.

This would be your go-to nasal spray to treat sneezing, itching and runny noses that occur due to allergy.

Steroid nasal sprays

Although the name may sound slightly intimidating, Dr Epstein says these sprays reduce inflammation in the nasal passages through the use of steroids such as fluticasone and mometasone.

“These are particularly effective for treating chronic allergies and nasal polyps, providing long-term relief when used consistently,” he says.

Can nasal sprays alleviate cold and flu symptoms?

As the University of Bristol study found, nasal sprays could reduce the number of days patients experienced severe symptoms by about 20 per cent.

Decongestant sprays show instant results, as they constrict the swollen blood vessels in the nasal passages.

However sprays that have time-delayed results, such as saline sprays, can still reap great benefits as they thin out mucus and flush allergens and irritants.

When should I use a nasal spray?

Dr Sheen says nasal sprays can be used as a preventative measure, as well as to alleviate symptoms for conditions such as hay fever.

When you use a nasal spray, deciding which type you choose depends on your needs and what you are trying to target, according to Dr Epstein.

Use decongestant sprays for short-term relief of severe congestion.

During spring, use antihistamine and steroid sprays to manage chronic allergy symptoms.

If you are suffering from a cold or flu, use a saline spray to clear your nasal passages, alongside other treatments.

Saline sprays can also be used daily to maintain nasal hygiene, especially in dry environments.

What are the dangers of nasal sprays?

Dr Epstein advises it is crucial to use nasal sprays as directed and to consult with a healthcare professional for prolonged use.

“Balancing benefits with potential risks ensures optimal outcomes and avoids adverse effects,” he says.

Dr Sheen says that those who find nasal sprays uncomfortable may opt for nasal mists or nasal washes, which may be more comfortable.

More on viruses and infections:

• How to supercharge your virus recovery 
• The best ways to prepare for flu season
• Immune boosting exercises you need to try
• Jacqui Felgate: I spend most of spring with a blocked nose

Written by Ravisha Rajapaksha.